Accept a list of profiles on the CLI and in the config

README.md

@@ -47,7 +47,9 @@ Settings can be stored in a TOML config file at `$XDG_CONFIG_HOME/agent-sandbox/
 ln -sf "$(pwd)/config-example.toml" "${XDG_CONFIG_HOME:-$HOME/.config}/agent-sandbox/config.toml"
 ```
 
-Top-level keys set defaults; `[profile.<name>]` sections define named presets selectable with `--profile <name>`. CLI flags always take highest precedence, followed by the active profile, then top-level defaults. When a profile is active, list-valued fields (`ro`, `rw`, `mask`, `env`, `unsetenv`, `bwrap-args`) append to the globals; scalar fields (modes, flags, `entrypoint`, `command`, `chdir`) replace them.
+Top-level keys set defaults; `[profile.<name>]` sections define named presets selectable with `--profile <name>`. CLI flags always take highest precedence, followed by the active profiles, then top-level defaults. When a profile is active, list-valued fields (`ro`, `rw`, `mask`, `env`, `unsetenv`, `bwrap-args`) append to the globals; scalar fields (modes, flags, `entrypoint`, `command`, `chdir`) replace them.
+
+Several profiles combine: `--profile claude,gpu` (or `--profile claude --profile gpu`, or `profile = ["claude", "gpu"]` in the config) merges them left to right under the same rules, so a later profile's scalars win. A CLI `--profile` replaces the config's list rather than extending it. A profile's own `profile = ...` names its parents, which merge before it; a profile reached twice merges once.
 
 ```toml
 # Global defaults

config-example.toml

@@ -1,10 +1,11 @@
 # Merge rules (apply to every layering below): scalars replace, vec fields
 # append, profiles merge by name.
 #
-# Layers, lowest precedence first: globals -> active profile (with its
-# ancestors folded in) -> CLI flags. `--profile` selects the active profile;
-# otherwise the top-level `profile` below is used. Profiles can themselves set
-# `profile = "parent"` to inherit from another profile.
+# Layers, lowest precedence first: globals -> active profiles (with their
+# ancestors folded in) -> CLI flags. `--profile a,b` selects the active
+# profiles, merged left to right; otherwise the top-level `profile` below is
+# used. Either form takes one name or a list. Profiles can themselves set
+# `profile = "parent"` (or a list) to inherit; a shared ancestor merges once.
 #
 # `extra-config` optionally points to a second file layered on top of this
 # one. Missing extra-config files are silently skipped; nesting is not
@@ -24,10 +25,7 @@ whitelist = true
 ro = [
     "~/.config/agents",
     "~/.config/git",
-    "/etc/alsa",
-    "/run/user/1000/pulse",
-    "/run/user/1000/pipewire-0",
-    "~/.config/llama-server-api-key",
+    "~/dev",
     # "/host/path:/sandbox/path",  # SRC:DST -> mount host SRC at a different target
 ]
 rw = [
@@ -53,7 +51,7 @@ env = [
 # command = ["--model", "opus"]                              # default trailing args
 # bwrap-args = ["--tmpfs /opt/scratch"]                      # raw bwrap escape hatch
 
-profile = "claude"
+profile = ["claude", "audio"]
 
 [profiles.claude]
 ro = ["~/.local/share/claude-code"]
@@ -61,7 +59,7 @@ rw = ["~/.config/claude"]
 entrypoint = ["claude", "--dangerously-skip-permissions"]
 
 [profiles.codex]
-ro = ["~/.local/share/codex-cli"]
+ro = ["~/.local/share/codex-cli", "~/.agents"]
 rw = ["~/.config/codex"]
 entrypoint = ["codex", "--dangerously-bypass-approvals-and-sandbox"]
 
@@ -69,3 +67,13 @@ entrypoint = ["codex", "--dangerously-bypass-approvals-and-sandbox"]
 ro = ["~/.local/share/pi-agent"]
 rw = ["~/.config/pi"]
 entrypoint = ["pi"]
+
+[profiles.audio]
+ro = ["/etc/alsa", "/run/user/1000/pulse", "/run/user/1000/pipewire-0"]
+
+[profiles.gpu]
+bwrap-args = ["--dev-bind /dev/dri /dev/dri"]
+
+[profiles.wayland]
+ro = ["/run/user/1000/wayland-0"]
+env = ["WAYLAND_DISPLAY=wayland-0"]

src/cli.rs

@@ -82,9 +82,15 @@ pub struct Args {
     #[arg(long, value_name = "PATH")]
     pub chdir: Option<PathBuf>,
 
-    /// Use a named profile from the config file
-    #[arg(long, conflicts_with = "no_config")]
-    pub profile: Option<String>,
+    /// Use named profiles from the config file, merged in order (comma-separated, repeatable)
+    #[arg(
+        long,
+        value_name = "NAME[,NAME...]",
+        value_delimiter = ',',
+        action = clap::ArgAction::Append,
+        conflicts_with = "no_config"
+    )]
+    pub profile: Vec<String>,
 
     /// Path to config file (default: $XDG_CONFIG_HOME/agent-sandbox/config.toml)
     #[arg(long = "config", value_name = "PATH", conflicts_with = "no_config")]

src/config.rs

@@ -11,13 +11,13 @@ use crate::{BindSpec, EnvEntry, SandboxConfig, SandboxError, SandboxMode};
 pub fn build(args: Args, file_config: Option<FileConfig>) -> Result<SandboxConfig, SandboxError> {
     let (mut globals, mut profile) = match file_config {
         Some(c) => {
-            let profile = c.resolve_profile(args.profile.as_deref())?;
+            let profile = c.resolve_profile(&args.profile)?;
             (c.options, profile)
         }
         None => (
             Options::default(),
             ResolvedProfile {
-                name: args.profile.clone(),
+                name: join_profile_names(&args.profile),
                 options: Options::default(),
             },
         ),
@@ -419,64 +419,89 @@ impl FileConfig {
         Ok(config)
     }
 
-    fn resolve_profile(&self, selected: Option<&str>) -> Result<ResolvedProfile, SandboxError> {
-        let Some(name) = selected
-            .map(String::from)
-            .or_else(|| self.options.profile.clone())
-        else {
-            return Ok(ResolvedProfile::default());
+    fn resolve_profile(&self, selected: &[String]) -> Result<ResolvedProfile, SandboxError> {
+        let names = if selected.is_empty() {
+            self.options
+                .profile
+                .clone()
+                .map(|p| p.0)
+                .unwrap_or_default()
+        } else {
+            selected.to_vec()
         };
-        let options = self.resolve_chain(&name)?;
+        if names.is_empty() {
+            return Ok(ResolvedProfile::default());
+        }
+
+        let merged = self
+            .linearize_profiles(&names)?
+            .into_iter()
+            .map(|name| self.profiles[&name].clone())
+            .fold(Options::default(), |base, next| base.merge_with(next));
+
         Ok(ResolvedProfile {
-            name: Some(name),
-            options,
+            name: join_profile_names(&names),
+            options: merged,
         })
     }
 
-    fn resolve_chain(&self, name: &str) -> Result<Options, SandboxError> {
-        let chain = self.collect_chain(name)?;
-
-        let merged = chain
-            .into_iter()
-            .rev()
-            .fold(Options::default(), |base, child| base.merge_with(child));
-
-        Ok(merged)
+    fn linearize_profiles(&self, names: &[String]) -> Result<Vec<String>, SandboxError> {
+        let mut walk = ProfileWalk::new(&self.profiles);
+        for name in names {
+            walk.visit(name)?;
+        }
+        Ok(walk.ordered)
+    }
 }
 
-    fn collect_chain(&self, name: &str) -> Result<Vec<Options>, SandboxError> {
-        let mut visited: Vec<String> = Vec::new();
-        let mut chain: Vec<Options> = Vec::new();
-        let mut current = name.to_string();
+struct ProfileWalk<'a> {
+    profiles: &'a HashMap<String, Options>,
+    path: Vec<String>,
+    ordered: Vec<String>,
+}
 
-        loop {
-            if visited.iter().any(|seen| seen == &current) {
-                visited.push(current);
-                return Err(SandboxError::ProfileCycle(visited));
+impl<'a> ProfileWalk<'a> {
+    fn new(profiles: &'a HashMap<String, Options>) -> Self {
+        Self {
+            profiles,
+            path: Vec::new(),
+            ordered: Vec::new(),
+        }
+    }
+
+    fn visit(&mut self, name: &str) -> Result<(), SandboxError> {
+        if self.path.iter().any(|seen| seen == name) {
+            self.path.push(name.to_string());
+            return Err(SandboxError::ProfileCycle(self.path.clone()));
+        }
+        if self.ordered.iter().any(|done| done == name) {
+            return Ok(());
         }
 
         let options = self
             .profiles
-                .get(&current)
-                .cloned()
-                .ok_or_else(|| SandboxError::ProfileNotFound(current.clone()))?;
+            .get(name)
+            .ok_or_else(|| SandboxError::ProfileNotFound(name.to_string()))?;
 
-            visited.push(current);
-            let parent = options.profile.clone();
-            chain.push(options);
+        self.path.push(name.to_string());
+        for parent in options.profile.iter().flat_map(|p| &p.0) {
+            self.visit(parent)?;
+        }
+        self.path.pop();
 
-            match parent {
-                Some(p) => current = p,
-                None => return Ok(chain),
-            }
+        self.ordered.push(name.to_string());
+        Ok(())
     }
 }
+
+fn join_profile_names(names: &[String]) -> Option<String> {
+    (!names.is_empty()).then(|| names.join(","))
 }
 
 #[derive(Deserialize, Default, Clone)]
 #[serde(rename_all = "kebab-case", deny_unknown_fields)]
 pub struct Options {
-    pub profile: Option<String>,
+    pub profile: Option<ProfileNames>,
     pub blacklist: Option<bool>,
     pub whitelist: Option<bool>,
     pub hardened: Option<bool>,
@@ -567,6 +592,32 @@ fn expand_and_require_absolute(path: &Path) -> Result<PathBuf, SandboxError> {
     Ok(expanded)
 }
 
+#[derive(Deserialize, Clone, Debug, PartialEq)]
+#[serde(from = "OneOrMany")]
+pub struct ProfileNames(pub Vec<String>);
+
+#[derive(Deserialize)]
+#[serde(untagged)]
+enum OneOrMany {
+    One(String),
+    Many(Vec<String>),
+}
+
+impl From<OneOrMany> for ProfileNames {
+    fn from(value: OneOrMany) -> Self {
+        match value {
+            OneOrMany::One(name) => Self(vec![name]),
+            OneOrMany::Many(names) => Self(names),
+        }
+    }
+}
+
+impl From<&str> for ProfileNames {
+    fn from(name: &str) -> Self {
+        Self(vec![name.to_string()])
+    }
+}
+
 #[derive(Deserialize, Clone)]
 #[serde(untagged)]
 pub enum CommandValue {

tests/unit/config.rs

@@ -1,5 +1,6 @@
 use std::sync::LazyLock;
 
+use clap::Parser;
 use tempfile::TempDir;
 
 use super::*;
@@ -122,7 +123,7 @@ fn build_profile_overrides_globals() {
         ..FileConfig::default()
     };
     let args = Args {
-        profile: Some("relaxed".into()),
+        profile: vec!["relaxed".into()],
         ..args_with_command()
     };
     let config = build(args, Some(file_config)).unwrap();
@@ -142,7 +143,7 @@ fn build_cli_flag_overrides_profile() {
         ..FileConfig::default()
     };
     let args = Args {
-        profile: Some("nonet".into()),
+        profile: vec!["nonet".into()],
         unshare_net: true,
         ..args_with_command()
     };
@@ -267,7 +268,7 @@ fn build_cli_mode_overrides_profile() {
         ..FileConfig::default()
     };
     let args = Args {
-        profile: Some("wl".into()),
+        profile: vec!["wl".into()],
         blacklist: true,
         ..args_with_command()
     };
@@ -292,7 +293,7 @@ fn build_rw_paths_accumulate() {
         ..FileConfig::default()
     };
     let args = Args {
-        profile: Some("extra".into()),
+        profile: vec!["extra".into()],
         extra_rw: vec!["/var".into()],
         ..args_with_command()
     };
@@ -316,7 +317,7 @@ fn build_command_from_profile() {
         ..FileConfig::default()
     };
     let args = Args {
-        profile: Some("test".into()),
+        profile: vec!["test".into()],
         ..Args::default()
     };
     let config = build(args, Some(file_config)).unwrap();
@@ -337,7 +338,7 @@ fn build_cli_entrypoint_overrides_profile() {
         ..FileConfig::default()
     };
     let args = Args {
-        profile: Some("test".into()),
+        profile: vec!["test".into()],
         entrypoint: Some("/usr/bin/true".into()),
         ..Args::default()
     };
@@ -455,7 +456,7 @@ fn build_cli_profile_overrides_top_level_profile() {
         ..FileConfig::default()
     };
     let args = Args {
-        profile: Some("other".into()),
+        profile: vec!["other".into()],
         ..args_with_command()
     };
     let config = build(args, Some(file_config)).unwrap();
@@ -480,7 +481,7 @@ fn build_missing_top_level_profile_errors() {
 #[test]
 fn build_missing_profile_errors() {
     let args = Args {
-        profile: Some("nope".into()),
+        profile: vec!["nope".into()],
         ..args_with_command()
     };
     assert!(matches!(
@@ -516,7 +517,7 @@ fn inheritance_merges_parent_into_child() {
         ..FileConfig::default()
     };
     let args = Args {
-        profile: Some("child".into()),
+        profile: vec!["child".into()],
         ..args_with_command()
     };
     let config = build(args, Some(file_config)).unwrap();
@@ -565,7 +566,7 @@ fn inheritance_walks_multi_level_chain() {
         ..FileConfig::default()
     };
     let args = Args {
-        profile: Some("child".into()),
+        profile: vec!["child".into()],
         ..args_with_command()
     };
     let config = build(args, Some(file_config)).unwrap();
@@ -632,7 +633,7 @@ fn inheritance_cycle_errors() {
         ..FileConfig::default()
     };
     let args = Args {
-        profile: Some("a".into()),
+        profile: vec!["a".into()],
         ..args_with_command()
     };
     assert!(matches!(
@@ -654,7 +655,7 @@ fn missing_parent_profile_errors() {
         ..FileConfig::default()
     };
     let args = Args {
-        profile: Some("child".into()),
+        profile: vec!["child".into()],
         ..args_with_command()
     };
     assert!(matches!(
@@ -695,7 +696,7 @@ fn inheritance_chain_spans_extra_config() {
 
     let file_config = FileConfig::load(&base_path).unwrap();
     let args = Args {
-        profile: Some("child".into()),
+        profile: vec!["child".into()],
         ..args_with_command()
     };
     let config = build(args, Some(file_config)).unwrap();
@@ -940,7 +941,7 @@ fn build_env_accumulates_disjoint_keys() {
         ..FileConfig::default()
     };
     let args = Args {
-        profile: Some("p".into()),
+        profile: vec!["p".into()],
         env: vec!["D".into()],
         ..args_with_command()
     };
@@ -973,7 +974,7 @@ fn build_env_later_tier_overrides_earlier() {
         ..FileConfig::default()
     };
     let args = Args {
-        profile: Some("p".into()),
+        profile: vec!["p".into()],
         env: vec!["A=cli".into()],
         ..args_with_command()
     };
@@ -1058,7 +1059,7 @@ fn build_unsetenv_accumulates() {
         ..FileConfig::default()
     };
     let args = Args {
-        profile: Some("p".into()),
+        profile: vec!["p".into()],
         unsetenv: vec!["C".into()],
         ..args_with_command()
     };
@@ -1184,11 +1185,11 @@ fn persistent_tmp_uses_leaf_profile_name() {
     };
 
     let leaf_args = Args {
-        profile: Some("leaf".into()),
+        profile: vec!["leaf".into()],
         ..args_with_command()
     };
     let parent_args = Args {
-        profile: Some("leaf".into()),
+        profile: vec!["leaf".into()],
         ..args_with_command()
     };
     // Same profile selected: same key.
@@ -1211,7 +1212,7 @@ fn persistent_tmp_uses_leaf_profile_name() {
         .unwrap()
         .persistent_tmp = Some(true);
     let parent_direct = Args {
-        profile: Some("parent".into()),
+        profile: vec!["parent".into()],
         ..args_with_command()
     };
     let key3 = build(parent_direct, Some(file_config2))
@@ -1246,7 +1247,7 @@ fn build_mask_accumulates() {
         ..FileConfig::default()
     };
     let args = Args {
-        profile: Some("extra".into()),
+        profile: vec!["extra".into()],
         mask: vec![PathBuf::from("/tmp/c")],
         ..args_with_command()
     };
@@ -1619,6 +1620,202 @@ fn load_extra_relative_path_rejected() {
     ));
 }
 
+#[test]
+fn cli_profile_splits_on_commas() {
+    let args = Args::try_parse_from(["agent-sandbox", "--profile", "claude,gpu"]).unwrap();
+    assert_eq!(args.profile, vec!["claude", "gpu"]);
+}
+
+#[test]
+fn cli_repeated_profiles_concatenate_in_order() {
+    let args = Args::try_parse_from([
+        "agent-sandbox",
+        "--profile",
+        "claude",
+        "--profile=gpu,wayland",
+    ])
+    .unwrap();
+    assert_eq!(args.profile, vec!["claude", "gpu", "wayland"]);
+}
+
+#[test]
+fn config_profile_accepts_a_list() {
+    let config: FileConfig = toml::from_str(r#"profile = ["claude", "gpu"]"#).unwrap();
+    assert_eq!(
+        config.options.profile,
+        Some(ProfileNames(vec!["claude".into(), "gpu".into()]))
+    );
+}
+
+#[test]
+fn config_profile_accepts_a_single_name() {
+    let config: FileConfig = toml::from_str(r#"profile = "claude""#).unwrap();
+    assert_eq!(config.options.profile, Some("claude".into()));
+}
+
+#[test]
+fn build_merges_selected_profiles_in_order() {
+    let args = Args {
+        profile: vec!["claude".into(), "gpu".into()],
+        ..args_with_command()
+    };
+    let config = build(args, Some(claude_and_gpu_profiles())).unwrap();
+
+    assert!(!config.hardened);
+    assert!(config.unshare_net);
+    assert_eq!(
+        config.env,
+        vec![
+            EnvEntry::Set("FROM_CLAUDE".into(), "1".into()),
+            EnvEntry::Set("FROM_GPU".into(), "1".into()),
+        ]
+    );
+}
+
+#[test]
+fn build_merges_top_level_profile_list() {
+    let file_config = FileConfig {
+        options: Options {
+            profile: Some(ProfileNames(vec!["claude".into(), "gpu".into()])),
+            ..Options::default()
+        },
+        ..claude_and_gpu_profiles()
+    };
+    let config = build(args_with_command(), Some(file_config)).unwrap();
+
+    assert!(!config.hardened);
+    assert!(config.unshare_net);
+}
+
+#[test]
+fn build_cli_profile_list_replaces_top_level_list() {
+    let file_config = FileConfig {
+        options: Options {
+            profile: Some(ProfileNames(vec!["claude".into(), "gpu".into()])),
+            ..Options::default()
+        },
+        ..claude_and_gpu_profiles()
+    };
+    let args = Args {
+        profile: vec!["gpu".into()],
+        ..args_with_command()
+    };
+    let config = build(args, Some(file_config)).unwrap();
+
+    assert_eq!(
+        config.env,
+        vec![EnvEntry::Set("FROM_GPU".into(), "1".into())]
+    );
+}
+
+#[test]
+fn build_shared_parent_merges_once() {
+    let file_config = FileConfig {
+        profiles: HashMap::from([
+            (
+                "base".into(),
+                Options {
+                    ro: vec!["/etc".into()],
+                    ..Options::default()
+                },
+            ),
+            (
+                "claude".into(),
+                Options {
+                    profile: Some("base".into()),
+                    ..Options::default()
+                },
+            ),
+            (
+                "gpu".into(),
+                Options {
+                    profile: Some("base".into()),
+                    ..Options::default()
+                },
+            ),
+        ]),
+        ..FileConfig::default()
+    };
+    let args = Args {
+        profile: vec!["claude".into(), "gpu".into()],
+        ..args_with_command()
+    };
+    let config = build(args, Some(file_config)).unwrap();
+
+    assert_eq!(config.extra_ro, vec![same_bind(Path::new("/etc"))]);
+}
+
+#[test]
+fn build_profile_inherits_from_a_parent_list() {
+    let mut file_config = claude_and_gpu_profiles();
+    file_config.profiles.insert(
+        "both".into(),
+        Options {
+            profile: Some(ProfileNames(vec!["claude".into(), "gpu".into()])),
+            ..Options::default()
+        },
+    );
+    let args = Args {
+        profile: vec!["both".into()],
+        ..args_with_command()
+    };
+    let config = build(args, Some(file_config)).unwrap();
+
+    assert!(!config.hardened);
+    assert!(config.unshare_net);
+}
+
+#[test]
+fn persistent_tmp_key_differs_per_profile_list() {
+    let file_config = FileConfig {
+        options: Options {
+            persistent_tmp: Some(true),
+            ..Options::default()
+        },
+        ..claude_and_gpu_profiles()
+    };
+    let key_for = |profiles: Vec<String>| {
+        let args = Args {
+            profile: profiles,
+            ..args_with_command()
+        };
+        build(args, Some(clone_file_config(&file_config)))
+            .unwrap()
+            .persistent_tmp_key
+            .unwrap()
+    };
+
+    assert_ne!(
+        key_for(vec!["claude".into()]),
+        key_for(vec!["claude".into(), "gpu".into()])
+    );
+}
+
+fn claude_and_gpu_profiles() -> FileConfig {
+    FileConfig {
+        profiles: HashMap::from([
+            (
+                "claude".into(),
+                Options {
+                    hardened: Some(true),
+                    env: vec!["FROM_CLAUDE=1".into()],
+                    ..Options::default()
+                },
+            ),
+            (
+                "gpu".into(),
+                Options {
+                    hardened: Some(false),
+                    unshare_net: Some(true),
+                    env: vec!["FROM_GPU=1".into()],
+                    ..Options::default()
+                },
+            ),
+        ]),
+        ..FileConfig::default()
+    }
+}
+
 fn assert_paths(actual: &[String], expected: &[&str]) {
     let expected: Vec<String> = expected.iter().map(|s| s.to_string()).collect();
     assert_eq!(actual, &expected);